Life and Work of Nancy Spero, Feminist Printmaker

Nancy Spero (August 24, 1926–October 18, 2009) was a pioneering feminist artist, best known for her appropriation of images of myth and legend culled from various sources collaged with contemporary images of women. Her work is often presented in an unconventional manner, whether in the form of the codex or applied directly to the wall. This manipulation of form is designed to place her work, which frequently grapples with themes of feminism and violence, in the context of a more established art historical canon. Fast Facts: Nancy Spero Known For: Artist (painter, printmaker)Born: August 24, 1926 in Cleveland, OhioDied: October 18, 2009 in New York City, New YorkEducation: Art Institute of ChicagoSelected Works: War Series, Artaud Paintings, Take No PrisonersNotable Quote: I don’t want my work to be a reaction to what male art might be or what art with a capital A would be. I just want it to be art. Early Life Spero was born in 1926 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her family moved to Chicago when she was a toddler. After graduating from New Trier High School, she attended the Art Institute of Chicago, where she met her future husband, painter Leon Golub, who described his wife as being â€Å"elegantly subversive† in art school.  Spero graduated in 1949 and spent the following year in Paris. She and Golub married in 1951. While living and working in Italy from 1956 to 1957, Spero took note of the ancient Etruscan and Roman frescoes, which she would eventually incorporate into her own art. From 1959-1964, Spero and Golub lived in Paris with their three sons (the youngest, Paul, was born in Paris during this time). It was in Paris that she began exhibiting her work. She displayed her work in several shows at Galerie Breteau throughout the 1960s. Art: Style and Themes Nancy Spero’s work is easily recognizable, made by repeatedly hand-printing images in a non narrative sequence, often in codex form. The codex and the scroll are ancient ways of disseminating knowledge; thus, by utilizing the codex in her own work, Spero inserts herself into the larger context of history. The use of the knowledge-bearing codex to display image-based work begs the viewer to make sense of the â€Å"story.† Ultimately, however, Speros art is anti-historical, as the repeated images of women in distress (or in some cases women as protagonist) is meant to paint a picture of the unchanging nature of the female condition as either victim or heroine. An example of Speros Codices.   Aware Women Artists Speros interest in the scroll was also partially derived from her realization that the female figure could not escape the scrutiny of the male gaze. Thus, she began to make works that were so expansive that some pieces could only be seen in peripheral vision. This reasoning also extends to her fresco work, which places her figures in out of reach places on a wall—often very high or hidden by other architectural elements. Spero derived her metal plates, which she used to print the same image over and over again, from images she encountered in her day-to-day, including advertisements, history books, and magazines. She would eventually build up what an assistant called a â€Å"lexicon† of female images, which she would employ almost as stand-ins for words. The fundamental position of Spero’s work was to recast woman as the protagonist in history, as women â€Å"have been there† but â€Å"have been written out† of history. â€Å"What I try to do,† she said, is pick the ones that have a very powerful vitality† in order to force our culture to grow accustomed to seeing women in the role of power and heroism. Spero’s use of the female body, however, does not always seek to represent the female experience. Sometimes, it is â€Å"a symbol of victim of both men and women,† as the female body is often the site of violence. In her series on the Vietnam War, the image of woman is intended to represent the suffering of all people, not merely the ones she chooses to depict. Speros depiction of womankind is a portrait of the universal human condition. Politics As her work no doubt suggests, Spero herself was outspoken about politics, concerned with issues as diverse as the violence suffered in war and the unfair treatment of women in the art world. About her iconic War Series, which used the menacing shape of an American army helicopter as a symbol for the atrocities carried out in Vietnam, Spero said:. â€Å"When we came back from Paris and saw that [the U.S.] had gotten involved in Vietnam, I realized that the United States had lost its aura and its right to claim how pure we were. Bomb Shitting from her War Series.   Museo Reina Sofia   In addition to her anti-war work, Spero was a member of Art Workers Coalition, Women Artists in Revolution, and the Women’s Ad Hoc Committee. She was one of the founding members of A.I.R. (Artists-in-Residence) Gallery, a collaborative workspace of female artists in SoHo. She joked that she needed this all-female space as she was overwhelmed at home as the only woman among four men (her husband and three sons). Speros politics were not limited to her art making. She picketed the Vietnam War, as well as the Museum of Modern Art for its poor inclusion of female artists in its collection. Despite her active political participation, however, Spero said: I don’t want my work to be a reaction to what male art might be or what art with a capital A would be. I just want it to be art. Reception and Legacy Nancy Spero’s work was well-regarded in her lifetime. She received a solo show at the Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles in 1988 and at the Museum of Modern Art in 1992 and was featured at the Venice Biennale in 2007 with a maypole construction titled Take No Prisoners. Take No Prisoners at the Venice Biennale.   Getty Images Her husband Leon Golub died in 2004. They had been married for 53 years, often working side by side. By the end of her life, Spero was crippled by arthritis, forcing her to work with other artists to produce her prints. However, she welcomed the collaboration, as she liked the way the influence of another hand would change the feel of her prints. Spero died in 2009 at the age of 83, leaving behind a legacy that will continue to influence and inspire artists that come after her. Sources Bird, Jon et al.  Nancy Spero. Phaidon, 1996.Cotter, Holland. Nancy Spero, Artist Of Feminism, Is Dead At 83.  Nytimes.Com, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/20/arts/design/20spero.html. Politics Protest.  Art21, 2018, https://art21.org/read/nancy-spero-politics-and-protest/.  Searle, Adrian. Nancy Speros Death Means The Art World Loses Its Conscience.  The Guardian, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/oct/20/nancy-spero-artist-death.Sosa, Irene (1993).  Woman as Protagonist: The Art of Nancy Spero. [video] Available at: https://vimeo.com/240664739. (2012).

Albert Einstein and Destinations P. - 3610 Words

WORD FORMATION Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. (Destinations p.35) We often think of ourselves as living in a time of (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (CONTINUE) technological change and development. We tend to believe that we are unique in history in dealing with a constantly (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (EVOLVE) world of gadgets, devices and innovations. However, the end of the nineteenth century and the start of the twentieth was also a time that saw many (3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (REVOLT) changes. People had needed to show (4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (FLEXIBLE) throughout the nineteenth century, as the effects of the Industrial Revolution meant constantly making (5) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (ADJUST) to deal with the changing working conditions. Towards the end of the century, though, people†¦show more content†¦The cover is completely blank, whereas the book is crammed full of wonderful examples and anecdotes. Allen is an (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ SPEAK critic of much of what is taught to native non-native speakers of English, and has issued a (3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of war against textbooks and style books which tell DECLARE lies. Take the ridiculous and (4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ rule of never ending a sentence with a MEAN Preposition.the lovely –if famous story – goes, that Winston Churchill, well known for his numerous (5) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ as well as for being British Prime Minister during WRITE the Second World War, received a manuscript back from an ignorant (6) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ EDIT †¦.. , who had told him rather rudely that he had to (7) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a sentence PHRASE which ended with a preposition. Churchill responded by making the simple yet forceful (8) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in the margin: ‘This is an impertinence up with which I will not STATE put.’ – the (9) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ being that not to end a sentence with a preposition IMPLY often sounds ridiculous in English. Sadly, Allen informs us that the story is probably mere (10) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, and that Churchill may have actually written ‘rubbish!’ in the margin. HEAR Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. (Destinations p. 99) WWF The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has been involved in (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CONSERVE since its Foundation in 1961. Its (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ INTEND has always been to protect (3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ WILD againstShow MoreRelatedIs Natural Talent More Superior Than Hard Work? Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagessomething. (2008. p.285) In his article, Gladwell talks about three groups of violinists. The three groups started to play the violin roughly around the age of five. The students that became more successful were the ones that practiced the most. By the age of 20, the elite performers had each totalled 10,000 hours of practice. By contrast, the merely good students had each totalled 8,000 hours, and the future music teachers had totalled just over 4,000 hours.† (Gladwell, 2013 p. 285-286). GladwellRead MoreEssay on U.S. Militarys Nuclear Technology854 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. Militarys Nuclear Technology Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"The splitting of the atom has changed everything save our mode of thinking and thus we drift toward unparalleled catastrophe†.It is a very true statement.Since the discovery of nuclear technology there have been many different usages of this powerful, dangerous, and destructive energy source.The US is one of the most powerful military forces of the world.Part of that reason is because of its nuclear technology and capabilities.AlsoRead MoreTechnology and Social Change1197 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Social Change SOC 100 One of our best well-known scientists, Albert Einstein, quoted â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology have exceeded our humanity† that was credited in a 1995 movie called â€Å"Powder†. It is no secret that the advancement of technology is drastically increasing in a rate where it is almost impossible to keep up with. Many individuals believe that it is slowly taking our attention away to what is really valuable in our lives, while others stronglyRead MoreImportance Of Education Essay1802 Words   |  8 Pagesfields and that is exactly what the Astounding American physicist Albert Einstein had said explaining the importance of education in a person’s life even when they are long beyond their school day till the very last day of their life they keep on using that knowledge and experience - â€Å"Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school. It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education. † (Albert Einstein) The most advanced countries in the world depend on how educatedRead MoreFeminism in The Wizard of Oz4177 Words   |  17 PagesWicked Witch and thinks of others before herself and her quest. Dorothy is clearly in charge when she notes, We must cross this strange place in order to get to the other side ¦ for it would be unwise for us to go any other way except due South (Baum, p. 212). Leadership is one of the penultimate qualities of a hero and Dorothy is strong, competent, and independent. Looking at this from a feminist perspective, these are positive attributes. Dorothy does not shy and expect everyone to save her; sheRead MoreOrganizational Effect on Employee Psychology1900 Words   |  8 Pagescommunication opportunities in a controlled environment. According to Aamodt (2007), â€Å"By far, the most important use of performance evaluation is to improve employee performance by providing feedback about what employees are doing right and wrong† (p.235). My organization was suffering greatly in this area because the evaluation process was flawed. The organization has not given a merit increase to its employees since 2010, which forced the employees to question â€Å"why† are we still having performanceRead MoreInternational Rescue Committee ( Irc )3995 Words   |  16 Pages(Darrow, 2015). While PRM makes its decision from a foreign policy perspe ctive, the ORR sees the program as a domestic social service issue. One approach the DOS uses is the Reception and Placement Program (RP), which focuses on the first 30 days of refugee arrival in the US. While the RP program is seen as a foundational support for new refugees, the structure of the program is seen as unstable (Brick et al., 2010). The government farms out the resettlements of refugees to nine National ResettlementRead MoreCuriosity : Its Value And Application For Creating Engagement6382 Words   |  26 Pagessparking curiosity, to exploration, to the joy of discovery is summarized by a very holistic, but relevant quote by Albert Einstein (1931): ‘The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed’ (from Einstein s Mein Weltbild (1931)). Discovery within the realm of games is the act of uncovering the new; it can be anythingRead MoreEssay on Strategic Marketing : Colgate3843 Words   |  16 Pagesmarkets of the world. Focusing to the toothpaste company in US Colgate has the largest number of consumers of toothpaste. Colgate is the biggest toothpaste selling company renowned globally with a market share of about 36% (Colgate Annual Report 2012, p.2-4); (Chopp, 2006). 5. DIFFERENTIAL ADVANTAGE / COMPETITIVE EDGE (USP) Strategy USP (Unique Selling Proposition) developed by Rosser Reeves, the advertising heart of New York, Madison Avenue which shows importance of the toothpaste in the globalRead MoreApplication of Maslows Hierachy in Needs6339 Words   |  26 Pagestrying to analyze what made them such outstanding human beings (Hergenhahn, 2005). Besides studying his personal friends and acquaintances, Maslows selected people groups also included public figures living and dead such as Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Eakins and Walt Whitman, among others. However, Maslows subjects shared a common characteristic that they all showed considerable evidence of self-actualization (Hjelle Ziegler, 1976). They were

Different Stakeholders free essay sample

Stakeholder is a person or groups who have interest in the success of the organization. A stakeholder is mainly concerned with an organization delivering better results and meeting its financial objectives. There are two types of stakeholder. 1. Internal Stakeholder 2. External Stakeholder Internal Stakeholder:- Internal Stakeholder is someone who works inside the organization or anyone within the organization that will benefit from the company’s profits. For example:- * Employees Employees are one of the biggest stakeholders for any organization. As they have a main role in the company, they are interested in their job security; they don’t want to lose their every day . They want their jobs to be safe. They also want safe environment where they are working. Tesco runs many surveys making sure that the area is safe for its employees to work. Employees are also interested in wages they will get for working. Will they get monthly or per hour salary? They also want to know that they will get bonuses for their hard work. Tesco gives up to 20% of the annual bonuses to the employees. Employees are also interested in Pension schemes the business will provide. Is it a state pension or work pension? Tesco provides both of the pensions to its employees. In both Tesco and Oxfam, all the needs of the employees are met, so that the employees work more efficiently within the company, for Tesco it will increase the standard of its services increasing its profit. For Oxfam it will increase its standard of working, increasing the funds raised for poor people. * Owners Owner always wants the business to make profits. In Tesco, owner wants it to make profit. Tesco owner wants to expand as much as possible to be able to meet more customers’ need and making more profit. In Oxfam, owner wants to raise more money for the poor people and expenses of running a charity. Owners also want to theirs employees to meet the new targets and needs of the customers. Owners also interested in the relationship between the employees and the customers, those employees are treating the customers good and formally. In Tesco, if the owners expand the business, it will be able to serve more customers which mean more profit, decreasing the prices of the product. If the owner of the Oxfam expands the business, it will be able to raise more donations for the poor people. Owners always come up with new ideas to satisfy the needs of the customers. * Managers Managers are the spinal cord of the business. They keep the business running. Mainly, they are interested in the business growth and the profit it is making. They keep an eye on the outgoing and incoming of money and work out the profit. In Oxfam, Managers work out the profit made from the donations, so they can be used for the welfare of the poor people. Managers are also interested in how the staff operates. They make sure that the employees are working properly, knows the security formalities, they are the customers right. In Tesco, managers run many surveys and drills to see the staff is working properly under controlled conditions. Managers are interested in costumer opinions, what they think about the services and what they want more. Managers are also interested in the wages of the employees that they getting the right amount wages. Oxfam manager needs to know who is working on salary and who is working voluntary. Manager is also interested in running campaigns and surveys for the welfare of the company. Tesco manager can run surveys to check the products quality for the customers. Oxfam managers can organize campaign to promote them and raise funds. External Stakeholder * Customers : Customers are essentials for any business because they increase the profit of the business. They buy products and services from the Companies increasing their profit. Customers are mainly interested in the quality of products they will get. Tesco and Oxfam have many rules and regulations to keep the products safe and up to standard. Customers are also interested in the growth of the company. If Tesco grows in size, it will buy and sell the products for cheaper which is good for customers. Customers are also interested in other services that a company provides, like Tesco provides credit card and insurance as well. Oxfam also provides online shopping option. Customers also want good costumer services as well from the companies. * Local Community Local community is the people that live in the area where the business operates from. Local community is a very important stakeholder of any business. Local community is interested in any business for many reasons. It is interested in Jobs provided by the business. Is the employment level went up or low because this business. Tesco may increase the level of employment. What effects the businesses have around the area? People also want peace in their area as well, so they are interested in the traffic produce by the business. They are also interested in the effects on the house prices. Is it gone up or low because of the business? Some people may want Tesco next door. But some prefer quiet neighborhood so they want Tesco to be next door. So the business affects the houses prices a lot. Some people may want Oxfam to be in their community, so they donate the money and products easily. * Trade Union Trade Union is a union of employee and labors which represents them in matters of wages, working conditions and everything that is related to the employee. They are mainly interested in employees of the companies and their problems. They sort out any problem of the employee. If the employee is getting fewer wages and is the member of trade union, Trade unions will negotiate with the employer and sort the wages problem. Just like this, Trade union is also interested in the working conditions for the employee. Is the environment is acceptable to work in by employees at? Are they getting good working hours? Are they getting the right equipment? These are all the things in company that trade union is interested in. Tesco was reviewed by trade union UK to see all the requirements of the employees are been met. * Government Government doesn’t get Involve Private sector companies but there are some things that government is still interested in them. The first thing is Tax that the government will get from the company, this is called cooperation tax. The government is interested in it as are they getting the right amount of Tax or not. Oxfam gets Tax relief because it’s a Charity and is there for a good cause. Government is also interested in the wellbeing of the staff. Government keeps an eye on the shares as well for the Public limited Company to keep up the competition in the market. If Tesco Owns too much shares of the market, it will increase the prices of its products. The last thing that government is interested in is jobs opportunity that the company is providing. Oxfam provides voluntary jobs to raise money for poor people. * Suppliers Suppliers supply all the products to a company, so it is mainly interested in the growth and success of the company. If Tesco earns more money, it will buy more products from the suppliers increasing its profit. Supplier in also interested in the prices of the products, he wants the company to buy the supplies for more money. Tesco Suppliers are all around the world providing Tesco cheap and high quality products. There is no supplier for Oxfam as it is a charity. Conflicts There can many conflicts within the stakeholders of the company. Employees can have conflicts with the Owner. Owner may want more profit from the company and less wage for the employees. But employees may want more wages and bonuses. That’s why there is trade union to sort this out. The employees may need holidays or other benefits like maternity leave which can affect the profits of the owner. In Oxfam, this problem is not that prominent than that in Tesco because most employees in Oxfam are volunteer. Employees can have conflicts on expanding the business because of different opinions. In both Tesco and Oxfam. Because of these conflicts, the employees can go on strike against the owner and don’t work which can greatly affect the profits of the owner. Owner can fire someone and appoint a new employee. There are always conflicts between Local community and Owner. The owner of Tesco may want to expand the business by building more shops as possible. Local community can go against it because of the construction problems and construction noise or they don’t want that shop to expand. So the owner needs the permission of the council and local community before starting the construction which can cost them money and time. In Oxfam, the owner want to collect as much money as possible from the people, for this they may organize may fundraise events which can be disturbing to local community. Owners and Suppliers can have conflicts between them. Suppliers may want to supply the products to Tesco on higher price but Tesco wants the goods’ prices to be low so they can make more profit. In case supplier is not satisfied with dealing with Tesco. They can cancel the contract and join any other companies which can a great loss in profit and time as well. In Oxfam don’t have that much problem with supplier because the products they get are donated by people, but the people stop donating their old stuff to people, it can cause great problems for Oxfam in raising money. Trade unions can have many conflicts with owner. Trade union represents employees in matter of wages, benefits and working conditions. Trade union may demand for higher wages and better working conditions for the employees from the Tesco Company. Owner can see it as unnecessary expenses and if Tesco refuses to full fill the demands trade union ca start a strike with the Tesco employees, which can cause great damage o the profit of the owner. In Oxfam, most of the people are volunteer due to which these problems don’t rise as much as it does in Tesco. Suppliers can create a lot of problems for the local community. As the Tesco is big company , it needs more products than a normal shop , so the suppliers have supply the goods as soon as possible to keep up , This means a lot lorries and traffic which can build up many problems for the local community who wants peace and quiet in their area. In Oxfam, it’s the same problem with donations made by people all around the world but it is much low than the Tesco one. Trade union and government also have many conflicts. Trade union wants Tesco to give higher wages to employees striking causing the Tesco loss the profit, which can affect the amount of tax they have to give to government. The government wants the Tesco to work smoothly, earning profit and paying taxes. In Oxfam, there is trade union to act, because most of the people work voluntary.